Home      Contact      Data protection       Gen. Terms.   Verifications        Service Calibrations Contact Details
             

 

Measures

Regulation and Control Systems

Scales



Information:

- Contact us
- Guarantee
- Calibration
- Legal advice

Other instruments:

- Control systems

- Measures

- Scales
 



Air flow meter

Accurate
scales

Calipers 

Analytical
scale

Coating
thickness
meters

Benchtop
Scales

Conductivity
meters 
Balanza de bolsillo HC-100AS
Crane
scales

Cup vane
anemometer

Floor scales

Current detector 

Hanging
Scales 

Distance meter
Balanza contadora
Humidity content
Scales

Earth meters

Kitchen
scales

Electronic
stethoscope

Laboratory
Scales

Gas analyser

Laboratory
scales   

Gas detector for refrigerants  

Multifunction
scales

Humidity
indicators

Packaging Scale

Humidity indicator
Balanza de precisión
Pallet balances

Infrared
thermometers

Pallet truck
scales

Insulation meter
Balanza de suelo
Paper Scale

Thermometers 

Platform scales

Tester for fuel 

Pocket
scales

Thermal
cameras 
Báscula pesa-ejes para coches
Postal scales

Oscilloscope 

Scale for
analysis

Microscopes

Scales for
transit

Microscopes
USB
 

Tabletop
scales

Noise meters

Tabletop Scale

Power analyzer  

Air flow transducers
Caudalímetro para líquidos
Power and
harmonics
 analyser

Digital
indicators

Radiation
analysers

Display systems

Radio frequency
meter

Logic modules

Rotation meter

Signal
converters

Videoscopes 

Temperature
transducers
Videoscopio
Voltmeter

Temperature sensors

Weather
stations

Vibration
transducers

Measurement of sound / noise ( concepts / guidelines )

Below you will find the meaning of some guidelines for the measurement of sound as well as the explanation of some technical concepts. There is also a detailed description of the most important points dealing with measuring sound and noise.

A. A-weighting
The sensitivity of human hearing depends on the frequency. Low and high tones are perceived with less precision than the tones in between. In the measurement of noise or sound this is taken into account and the frequencies contained within the sound are valued differently with respect to the A-weighting curve.
Sound readings are taken in decibels (dB) (A). The A-weighting curve is used primarily in the environmental and industrial sectors; the B and C curves are used for louder sounds and are less frequently used. The noise analysers most commonly used for these measurements are the PCE-999 and the PCE-322A.


D. Decibel
The decibel consists of one tenth of a bel (B). A bel is defined as a logarithm of the bahaviour of two readings of the same type. It is used for the measurement of sound levels although the actual sound output is determined in relation to a specified reference intensity
Abbreviation: dB.
Calculation: LP = 10 * log (P / P0) in dB
where
P = sound output
P0 = specified reference intensity (typically, 10 - 12 Watt)


E. Equivalent continuous noise level (Leq)
The equivalent continuous noise level is an energy mean of the noise level averaged over the measurement period (T) and often regarded as an average level.
Its also part of a sound level over a duration of time (X) that describes a noise with duration D has the same value as a noise that has half the duration (D / 2), but for this it has a sound level of 3dB ( = 10 * log 2) higher (to take this measurement you require the PCE-353 noise analyser.)
The Leq is calculated in this way:

Leq = q/log2 * log(1/T ( 10(log2/q)* Li * ti)

Li = unique event level
T = period of measurement (for example: 16 hours),
ti = duration of the unique event, the maximum level can't be increased by more than 10dB,
q = equivalence parameter or division by two. Provides the change of level, that is equivalent to a constant level to duplicate or divide by two the effective time. Normally at international level  q=3, corresponding to the energy equivalence.

Regular measurment of chance occurances with constant intervals (example, 1/10 or 1/100 s) the value can be occur analogically to the number of the chance value
Leq = q/log2 * log(1/N ( 10 (log 2/q)* Li)
where
Li = value of chance occurance
N = total number of chance occurances over a period of measurment.
The sound level of extended duration with equivalent energy used for acoustic description  of different sources of environmental noise (noise from planes, trains, etc.) In Germany the Leq is normally know as the level median (Lm).


I. Infrasound
Frequencies below 16 Hz (Hz = 1/s)


L. Level day-evening-night (Lden)
According to the proposed directives of the EU relating to "Measurement and treatment of environmental noise" for the index of produced noise: day/evening/night level. The evening hours are 19:00 to 23:00 o'clock, with a supplement of 5dB and at night from 23:00 to 7:00 o'clock, with a supplement of 10dB (for example, the noise analyser serie-1900.)


Ldn
Day-night average sound level is the average noise level over a 24 hour period. With it, different measurements can be taken at different times of the day.


M. Maximum level
Maximum value is a sound event also denoted as a peak sound. In sound bursts, it's easier todetermine various peak pints and establish a maximum average or extract the L1 percentile level.

Measurement level
The measured sound level calculated over a period of time in a measurement of noise which has certain noise level specifications be means of noise level corrections.  For these measurements it is advised to use noise analysers with the Frequency analysis function.
Abbreviatons: RL (rating level), during daytime (LT); during nightime (LN) (in dB).
In American English  it is also referred to as Ldn frequency.  

P. Peak level
Maximum sound level reached in a sound burst, also called maximum level. Because of possible loud oscillations, it provides a better description of the average maximum level or the L1 percentile level.

S. Solid bodies
Sound that spreads and impacts with solid bodies such as ceilings and walls of buildings. This has high importance in the noise produced by the construction sector.

Sound pressure level
The magnitude of sound pressure of a source (px) relative to a level reference sound pressure (p0). L = 20 log (px/p0). It is expressed in decibels (dB), almost always compared with frequency value, for example, dB (A).

Sound energy
The physical energy of a source of radiated sound.

Sound event level (SEL)

(also LAE). Parameter largely related to the LAeq. With it isolated events can be determined (for example, air transit or passing traffic). The sound energy is normalized to a temporary duration of 1 second.

Sound TA
Technical indication for the protection against noise
General prescription administered by the Federal emissions law 26.8.98. In ruido TA value directives are determined that should be followed precisely to protect the public from the harmful effects of noise. Ruido TA has advanced in force to be used for installations with authorization and for those that don't require authorization.

Noise Analysers: T. Temporary value
To be able to follow oscillating sound levels in display instruments that were previously constant, different temporary constants are introduced: Fast, Slow, Impulse. Normally the temporary value that you should employ is prescribed.
Sound bursts are considered to have a more imbalanced frequency than sounds events of longer durations. For this reason, it has to be taken into account in the reading, the duration of the bursts by way of a temporary value. (source: UBA).

Guide lines for the measurement of sound / noise:

1. Standard immission values Roads and Trains - Sound prevention

Standard immission values in dB (A)

Place

day (6 - 22 hours)

night (22 - 6 hour)

hospitals, schools, spas and resting places

57

47

residential centre

59

49

town centers, towns and mixed zone

64

54

industrial areas

69

59

2. Standard immission values  Streets - Noise sanitation

Standard immission values in dB (A)

Place

day (6 - 22 hours)

night (22 - 6 hours)

hospitals, schools, spas and dwelling for the elderly residential areas

70

60

town centers, towns and mixed zone

72

62

industrial areas

75

65

3. Standard immision values for Airborne noise

Standard immission values in dB (A

Place / Zone

Protection zone 1 Leq >= 75

Protection zone 2 67 <= Leq < 75

4.  Standard immision values fo Industrial noise

Standard immission values in dB (A

Place

day (6 - 22 hours)

night (22 - 6 hours)

a) in industrial areas

70

70

b) in professional activity areas

65

50

c) town centers, towns and mixed zone

60

45

d) residential areas

55

40

e) residential areas

50

35

f) spas, hospitals and dwelling for the elderly

45

35


The night-time can vary one hour if it is necessary because of specifications of the living-place or  working conditions paying attention to protect against environmental harmful effects. A rest at night of eight hours should be guaranteed. 

Short isolated sound ends should not exceed immission values over 30dB (A) at day-time and 20 dB (A) at night-time.

For transference of sounds inside buildings and immision values for those areas that need protection against sound except for industrial areas, the DIN 4109 standard dated from November 1989 classifies sound areas from a to f.

Day 35 dB (A) night 25 dB (A)

Short isolated sound ends will not exceed immision values of 10 dB (A).

Special events
For special sound events, outdoors immission values will be within the areas from b t f.

day 70 dB (A) night 55 dB (A)

Short isolated sound ends should not exceed immision values of table 1 part b, 25dB (A) at day-time and 15 dB (A) at night-time. For table 1 c and f these values will be 20 dB (A) at day-time and 10 dB (A) at night-time.

Immision values at day-time are valid for 16 hours. At night, a complete hour is determined (for instance from 1.00 to 2.00 hours) with the highest value.

Additions for high sensitivity hours at day-time

The table part from d to f must be considered to determine sound immission values and harmful effects.

1. Working days
06.00 - 07.00 hours, 20.00 - 22.00 hours

2. Sundays and holidays
06.00 - 09.00 hours, 13.00 - 15.00 hours, 20.00 - 22.00 hours.

5. Standard immision values for noise in building sites

Standard immision values dB (A)

Place

day (7 - 20 hours)

night (20 - 7 hours)

Spas, hospitals and dwellings for the elderly

45

35

exclusively residential areas

50

35

residential areas

55

40

residential areas with professional activities, 

60

45

areas dedicated mostly to professional activities

65

50

industrial areas with professional activity where the owner's houses or manager's houses are placed as well as the company supervisory board.

70

70

6. Standard immision values for Noise in sports

Standard immision values dB (A)

Place

day (6 - 22 hours)

night (22 - 6 hours)

Spas, hospitals and dwellings for the elderly

45

35

exclusively residential areas

50

35

residential areas

55

40

residential areas with professional activities,

60

45

areas dedicated mostly to professional activitiesl

65

50


Attention: Specifications and values have been taken from the publications of diverse authors so these details do not pretend to be exhaustive or correct.
The text of noise TA in German can be found at the following link: http://www.umweltrecht.de/recht/laerm/tlaer1.htm

Here you will find all the measuring instruments available at PCE Instruments.

Contact:
PCE Instruments UK Limited
Units 12/13 Southpoint Business Park
Ensign Way, Southampton
United Kingdom, SO31 4RF
Phone. +44 ( 0 ) 2380 98703 0
Fax +44 ( 0 ) 2380 98703 0

Comeback to Noise meter PCE-322 A 
 

Below you will find an overview of the different product groups of measuring instruments

Absolute Humidity Meters
Accelerometers
Alert Meters
Air velocity meters
Analyzers (Colour)
Analyzers (Gas)
Analyzers (Lan)
Analyzers (Noise)
Analyzers (Oxygen)
Analyzers (Ozono)

Anemometers
Barometers
Balances
Borescopes
Cable detectors (electrical)
Calibrators
Calipers
Cameras (Infrared Thermal Imaging)
Capacitance Meters
Coating Thickness Meters
Chlorine Meters
Clamp Meters
Climate Meters
Colour Meters

Conductivity Meters
Contact Thermometers
Current detectors
Data Loggers
Differential Pressure Meters
Digital Multimeters
Densimeters
Detectors (Gas, Humidity, Radiation, Voltage)
Dose Meters (Noise)
Earth meters
Electric Tester
Endoscopes
Environmental Meters
Fiberscopes
Flow Meters Air
Flow Meters Gas
Force Gauges (digital)
Frequency Meters
Geiger Counter
Handheld Tachometers
Hardness Meters
Humidity Testers (Building material)
Hygrometers
Indicator Sound Level
Indicator (Humidity)
Instruments (Environmental)

Impedance bridges
Infrared Thermometers
Insulation Meters
Lan Network Testers
Laser Distance Meters
Laser level
Laser meters
Laser thermometers
LCR Meters
Length Meters
Light Meters
Lux Meters
Magnetometers
Manometers
Material Thickness Meters
Measurement Dev.(Force)
Measuring Meters (Distance)
Measuring Wheels
Meters (Distance,
pH, Power Pressure, Radiation, Salt, Temperature, Gas, Gloss, Ground)
Micrometers
Microscopes
Modular signal Converters
Moisture Indicator
Multimeters
Multi-Parameter Photometers
Noise Meters
Odometers
Ohm Meters
Oscilloscopes
Oxygen Meters
Ozone Meters
Paper Moisture Meters
Penetrometers

Pitot tube air flow meters
Pocket pH-meters
Power Analyzers

Pressure Gauges
Pyrometers
Quality Meters (Air)
Radiation Counters
Radioactivity meters
Reader (Temperature)
Recorders Data
Redox Meters
Refractometers
Relative Humid. Meters
Rotation meters
Roughness tester
Scales
Sensor (Temperature)
Signal Level Analyzers
Single-parameter Photometers
Sound Level Meters
Systems Environmental
Stethoscopes (electro.)
Stroboscopes
Surface Thickn. Meters
Tachometers
Telescope Meters
Thermo-anemometers
Thermo-Hygrometers
Temperature Probes
Testers (Air,Conductivity, Earth,  Insulation, Noise, pH, paper Resistance, Sound, Temperature)
Thermal stress
Thermal Imag. Cameras
Thermometers
Thermocouples
Thickness Meters
Turdibity Meters

Ultrasonic Flow Meters

VDE tester
Vibration Meters
Video endoscopes
Voltage meters

Weather Stations
Wood (humidity)