Regulators / Control Systems
Regulators are small intelligent installations which consist of a sensor input, a digital indicator and a  regulation output. There are regulators for diverse measurement works. Regulators are set through its own keys. Nominal values can be established to define the regulation process. Some regulators have also available a regulation output for normalized signals output which can be connected to a display system to control this process. Regulators are specially important in  sewerage systems because of the strict regulations regarding this matter. Regulators can control the pH value in a drain and regulate this value to avoid any environmental contamination. pH regulators can also be used in fish farming or pools. Temperature regulators are used in air-conditioning sectors or in the control of water temperature. Thanks to the wide range of applications, regulators are mostly used in the industry and can perform works which require a PLC complete solution. If you have any question regarding our regulators/control systems, please contact us on the phone: +44 ( 0 ) 2380 98703 0 and our technical staff will be pleased to help you regarding regulators/control systems as well as the rest of measuring instruments and scales available at PCE-Instruments.
 

At the following links you will find regulators for different magnitudes:

Pressure

Temperature

At the following links you will find diverse Regulators / Control Systems:

Discontinuous Regulators
Regulators are divided into different types. They are divided into discontinuous regulators and continuous regulators. The discontinuous regulators have a simple property of commutation. When a limit value is reached, a relay activates or deactivates. Because the way of working is in interrupted form, these types of regulators are denominated discontinuous regulators. The discontinuous regulators can be final switches or a bimetal. The regulators of this type are the simplest regulators. They are emphasized by its robustness and its excellent relation quality price. Due to their  economic price the discontinuous regulator are acquired by companies with a low budget. The discontinuous regulators are different from the regulators from two points and regulators from three points.
The regulators of two points are characterized by their swtich ON / OFF commutator. They can be regulators of pH in the residual water sector where they require to verify continuously the water tanks. If the regulator detects that the residual waters are too acid, that is to say, the pH  value is below 4, in such case the regulator would connect a pump to add an alkaline solution to neutralize the water. The regulator verifies next that the residual waters are again in the normal values and it deactivates the pump.
The regulators of three points have a system of switch ON, OFF, ON. This is very advantageous in the sector of the air conditioning. Regulators of temperature measure the environmental temperature. In case the temperature falls below a limit  value, for example 19 ºC, the regulator switches on the heating in the offices  to assure pleasant working conditions. And when during  summer, the temperature is over 24º C, the regulator can, by means of a second relay,  switch on the air conditioning and lower the blinds, regulating in that way a temperature previously predetermined.

Continuous Regulators

In contrast to the discontinuous regulators before mentioned, we also have the continuous regulators. The continuous can receive many values almost continuously. The analog output of the regulators controls the activator or trigger. The trigger is an element of the regulation field that influences the regulated magnitude (i.e. the temperature in a heating). Through the output, these regulators control the consistency with which they will influence the regulated magnitude. If the regulator gives an output with the maximum value, the heating will render to the maximum. On the contrary, if the minimum value occurs like an output, the heating will not even ignite. The possibility “of dosing” the heating capacity, allows the continuous regulators a fast and precise adjustment of the magnitude regulated in relation to the set-point. Nevertheless, it is important that the regulators calculate the “dose accurately”. As output for such measurements the regulators measure the available variation of the regulated magnitude of the value of reference. The reaction to this variation can be, for example, proportional, but as this is not technically optimal an integral part or differential is additionally calculated. The necessary parameters must be detected for the corresponding field of regulation and they must be kept in the regulator internal memory. In addition, modern PID regulators offer other functions that independently detect the optimal parameters.

Continuous Regulators with conmutated output

In order to work with continuous regulators with an analog output, triggers with their corresponding inputs are necessary. Some regulators make a continuous regulation by means of a command or control contact, when varying the time of activation of a contact in fixed cycle. Therefore, the contact of control of these regulators is closed permanently with the maximum influence of the regulated magnitude. Following with the example of the temperature regulation, in this case the heating would be warming up to the maximum. Nevertheless, if you wish that this temperature is only half of it, the contact of control of the regulator will ignite only 50% of the time. This type of regulators can be used only with slow alterations of the regulated magnitudes, because the relays have a frequency of limited commutation. 

Timer and function ramp Regulators
Some models of the regulators offer a timer and the ramp function. These functions allow the regulators reach different set-point values in a predetermined sequence. Also, it is possible to fix the speed with which the regulators must change the regulated magnitude. This allows the regulators automate processes without it is necessary to manipulate the regulators.

Terms and definitions in the regulation and control system and instruments of regulation used.

Specific or predefined value: standard value or reference value 

 Regular value: present value or magnitude of control

Regulation output: Magnitude of reference

Control element: Trigger

Regulated body: Field of regulation

Structure of regulation: It indicates to us how the reference instruments exert an influence on the magnitudes of control. It is defined by the way of action and the type of control systems. Examples of it are: 2 point regulators, 3 point regulators, continuous regulators, cascade regulators or multizone regulators.

Behaviour of the regulation: It is the form in which the regulators tend to influence in the physical magnitudes. These are the most common regulators with switch on / switch off commutator,  PID regulators and adjustable regulators.

If you wish to view or print a selection of regulators / control systems from our catalogue click the PDF symbol

 

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