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go to microscopes.

go to microscopes.

 

Microscopes
Microscopes are composed of a magnifying lens and an eyepiece that join together in a tube, a illuminated stage where the object being observed is placed and a tripod to secure the optical components. microscopesThe microscope's source of light is generally a small bulb attached to the tripod of lenses that can be adjusted (lens or system of lenses near the bulb) and fixed behind the illuminated area. The microscope's condenser is a complicated system of lenses or mirrors that reproduce the light on the surface of the object. The microscope's lens amplifies the object so that this magnified image can be viewed in the eyepiece. Microscopes also have two eyepieces to allow the object to be viewed with both eyes. This distinguishes a microscope using transmitted light that passes through very thin transparent objects, and microscopes using reflected light for analysing surfaces of opaque objects. We offer a range of microscopes for distinctive purposes, such as for use in laboratories, research, in the office or for a hobby. All of these microscopes are good for either location, and can be connected via a USB port to a computer making it possible to document images for analysis or even to a projector to display the images to a wider audience. We also offer a micro-ocular, which can affordably convert a standard microscope into a videoscope allowing for images to be transferred directly to a computer. Our technicians and engineers are available to assess your needs and recommend the best suited microscope or any of our other products, (balances / measuring instruments), simply call our offices on: +44 ( 0 ) 191 377 3398.

Technical specifications for our microscopes can be found at the following links:

- PCE-PTM 100 series microscopes 
  (pocket-sized device handled much like a pen, 100x magnification, with clip)

PCE-PTM 100 series microscopes: pocket-sized device handled much like a pen, 100x magnification, with clip.

- PCE-ME 100 series microscopes 
  (economical device connects to computer, includes software and adaptor)

PCE-ME 100 series microscopes

- PCE-MM 200 series microscopes PCE-MM 200 series microscopes: USB device magnifies up to 200x, LEDs, tripod and software.
  (USB device magnifies up to 200x, LEDs, tripod and software)

PCE-MM 200 series microscopes

- PCE-MM 100 series microscopes
  (single eye-piece magnifies up to 400x, rotating tubes, transmitted light)

PCE-MM 100 series microscopes

- PCE-BM 200 series microscopes 
  (double eye-piece magnifies up to 1000x, transmitted light)

PCE-BM 200 series microscopes

- PCE-VMS 200 series microscopes PCE-VMS 200 series microscopes: with display, magnifies up to 100x, uses reflected and transmitted light.
  (with display, magnifies up to 100x, uses reflected and transmitted light)

PCE-VMS series microscopes

- PCE-XM 100 series microscopes
  (microscopes with a maximum magnification of 150x, it can also take measurements)

PCE-XM 100 series microscopes: microscopes with a maximum magnification of 150x, it can also take measurements.

- PCE-TM 2000 series microscopes
  (triple eyepiece with USB camera, software, reflected and transmitted light)

PCE-TM 2000 series miscroscopes

The areas of use for microscopes is nealry unlimited.

There are also optional components for microscopes: software kit (software and data cable) for transferring data directly to a computer.

Microscopes: Software kit Microscopes: slides Microscopes: instruments
Software kit  slides  Instruments

Using a microscope
When using a microscope, a few small errors might occur:
- If the magnification has been set too high.
For observing sections of simple objects, a magnification of between 50x and 300x is sufficient. Only when very thin objects with a microtome or samples are being observed is it suitable to increase the magnification. Likewise, we use magnifications of 1000x or higher for the analysis of blood.
- The preperation deteriorates with a false adjustment of the lens.
With higher magnifications, it is possible to first adjust the focus before the lense affects the sample. As such, for a suitable adjustment, the lens will be closed against the stage. After, the clarity of the eyepiece can be adjusted with care.

Microscopes: the MM series microscope in use. Microscopes: the VMS series microscope in use Microscopes: the TM series microscope in use

Cleaning microscopes.
A prerequisite for obtaining clear images with the microscope is that the lens is clean. The biggest problem is dust. It can come from the objects being observed or as dust in the environment that the miscroscope is being used. It is very important to protect the lenses from dust to ensure that it does not have the opportunity to damage the lens surface. When the device is not in use, ensure that it is covered to protect it from exposure to dust and make sure that the cover is kept clean to make sure that it is protecting the microscope. It's important to differentiate between the kinds of dirt on the lenses when they are going to be cleaned: dust particles (residue from glass slides or fabrics, etc.) and dirt in general (fingerprints, etc).

Partes de los microscopios

  1. Ocular
  2. Arm
  3. Stages
  4. Gross and fine setting
  5. height stages setting
  6. Base
  7. Light source
  8. Condenser
  9. claw
  10. Objective lens
  11. Revolver
  12. Tube

Microscopes are formed by different  parts: an optical and a mechanical part. Here follows a short description of these parts:

 - Ocular: Are the lenses situated the closest to the beholder viewer
 - Arm: Situated perpendicullary to the base, they can be vertical or arched, so that they can joined to the base.
 - Stage: Is the part that holds the sample, it consists on two grippers and the hole from wich comes the light to
   observe the sample
 - Macrometric fitting: An screw for focus and choose lenses on a quick way
 - Micrometric fitting. An screw for focus and choose lenses on a slow way
 - Stage fitting: An screw that fits the stage
 - Base: is the part that holds the microscope
 - Light souce: It is used to light the samples or items to be observed, it is isolated on the base.
 - Grippers: Two grippers located on the stage. Their aim is holding the samples
 - objective lens: The lense situated the closest to the sample
 - Revolver: Is the part that holds the set of objective lenses, it allows to change them.
 - Tube: Is the part were the ocular is, it holds the revolver with the objective lenses on the bottom and the oculars on
   the top.

Different types of microscopes

Simple microscopes: They just use a single  magnifying glass

Composite microscopes: They are formedby a kit of glasses, in a way that they allow to magnify the image trough them. (optics microscopes).

Electronic microscopes: They use electrons instead of visible light (fotons) to provide imagImagen de celulas de tipo bacteriano de sedimentos marinos tomada con microscopios electronicos.es of small items. Those icroscopes increase the speed of electrons to get a shorted wavelength and a better resolution (electrons have a wavelength rather small than visible light, so they are able to break up very small structures) It gives a magnification capacity about 500.000 magnifications compared to other optical microscopes. The images obtained are on black and white as they use electrons instead of light. The electronic spotis produced by a Wolframic cathode. 

Microscopes of reflected light: These microscopes are used mainly to observe transparent and liquid preparations. They are specially used in blood analyse, cells, tests in plants. Classical reflected light microscopes have a really short working distance, under 4 mm. This is why these microscopes are suitable for very thin solutions.

On the image above you can observe a cell that has been tinted for better observation trough microscope

On the image above you can observe a cell that has been tinted for better observation trough microscope 

Solutions are situated on the samples holder and covered with the samples cover lid. Reflected light microscopes are usually offered with a full range of magnification glasses (from 40 to more than 1000). For works of 1000 magnifications it is necessary to put a drop on oil immersion to seal the space between the sample holder and the cover lid. Images until 400 magnifications can be seen without any special technic. The magnification on reflected light microscopes can be increased by changing the oculars

Stereo microscopes using reflected or transmitted light: These microscopes are typically used to view large objects. Their range of uses includes analysing insects, plants, coins or for testing materials. The majority of reflected light microscopes have a working distance of 40mm, making these microscopes ideal for working with large objects or for testing different materials. Normally we offer these microscopes as models with two eye pieces.

Fluorescence microscopes: Used to reveal natural fluorescent molecules, or to reveal an added fluorescence, as when detecting antibodies.

On this image you can see a sample that has not been treated, because it is fluorescent by itself.

On this image you can see a sample that has not been treated, because it is fluorescent by itself.
This circumstance makes tinting unnecessary

In immunity fluorescence a fluorescent dye (almost always FITC) is added to an antibody. these antibodies can be produced on a very specific way to concrete biological structures. The dyes are extremely selective, but not so intensive as in traditional secondary fluorescence.

Microscopios monoculares                   Microscopios binoculares

For applications that require to keep images there are trinocular microscopes. They consist on binocular microscopes with an additional tube that allows to instal an USB camera that recordes images. These images can later be transfered to a PC or a laptop. It also offers the possibility to connect a microocular to the binocular microscopes. this microocular is simply set to the ocular of themicroscope. This gives the opportunity to turn microscopes on video microscopes in an economical way.

Microscopes in PTB

If you wish to view or print a selection of microscopes from our catalogue, click the PDF symbol
Microscopes: go to catalogue
 

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If you have any doubt, call our technicians on: +44 ( 0 ) 191 377 3398.

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Below you will find an overview of the different product groups of measuring instruments

Absolute Humidity Meters
Accelerometers
Alert Meters
Air velocity meters
Analyzers (Colour)
Analyzers (Gas)
Analyzers (Lan)
Analyzers (Noise)
Analyzers (Oxygen)
Analyzers (Ozono)

Anemometers
Barometers
Balances
Borescopes
Cable detectors (electrical)
Calibrators
Calipers
Cameras (Infrared Thermal Imaging)
Capacitance Meters
Coating Thickness Meters
Chlorine Meters
Clamp Meters
Climate Meters
Colour Meters

Conductivity Meters
Contact Thermometers
Current detectors

Data Loggers
Differential Pressure Meters
Digital Multimeters
Densimeters
Detectors (Humidity, Radiation, Voltage)
Dose Meters (Noise)

Earth meters
Electric Tester
Endoscopes
Fiberscopes
Flow Meters Air
Flow Meters Gas
Force Gauges (digital)
Frequency Meters
Gas Detector
Geiger Counter
Handheld Tachometers
Hardness Meters
Humidity Testers (Building material)
Hygrometers
Indicator Sound Level
Indicator (Humidity)
Instruments (Environmental)

Impedance bridges
Infrared Thermometers
Insulation Meters
Lan Network Testers
Laser Distance Meters
Laser level
Laser meters
Laser thermometers
LCR Meters
Length Meters
Light Meters
Lux Meters
Magnetometers
Manometers
Material Thickness Meters
Measurement Devices (Force)
Measuring Meters (Distance)
Measuring Wheels
Meters (Distance,
Environmental, Gas, Gloss, Ground pH, Power Pressure, Radiation, Salt, Temperature)
Micrometers
Microscopes
Modular signal Converters
Moisture Indicator

Multimeters
Multi-Parameter Photometers
Noise Meters
Odometers
Ohm Meters
Oscilloscopes
Oxygen Meters
Ozone Meters
 Noise Meters
 Odometers
 Ohm Meters
 Oscilloscopes
 Oxygen Meters
Paper Moisture Meters
Penetrometers

Pitot tube air flow meters
Pocket pH-meters
Power Analyzers
Pressure Gauges
Pyrometers
Quality Meters (Air)
Radiation Counters
Radioactivity meters
Reader (Temperature)
Recorders Data
Redox Meters
Refractometers
Relative Humidity Meters
Resistance Testers
Rotation meters
Roughness tester
Rotation meters
Roughness tester
Scales
Sensor (Temperature)
Signal Level Analyzers
Single-parameter Photometers
Sound Level Meters
Systems for Environmental
Stethoscopes (electronic)
Stroboscopes
Surface Thickness Meters

Tachometers
Telescope Meters
Thermo-anemometers
Thermo-Hygrometers
Temperature Probes
Testers Air
Testers Conductivity
Testers Earth
Testers Insulation
Testers Noise
Testers pH
Testers paper
Testers Sound
Testers Temperature
Thermal stress
Thermal Imaging Cameras
Thermometers
Thermocouples
Thickness Meters
Turdibity Meters

Ultrasonic Flow Meters

VDE tester
Vibration Meters
Video endoscopes
Voltage meters
Weather Stations
Wood (humidity)